n.the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)

同義詞：family namecognomenlast name

Surnames and the Y Chromosome
Use of surnames to identify individuals of Chinese ancestry.
In the name of the father: surnames and genetics
The Son Also Rises:Surnames and the History of Social Mobility
Genetic Signatures of Coancestry within Surnames
An analytical study of the surnames in the Kharkov register (Census) of 1660
Introduction[The Son Also Rises: Surnames and the History of Social Mobility]
What's in a Name? Accuracy of Using Surnames and Forenames in Ascribing Asian Ethnic Identity in English Populations
People of the British Isles: preliminary analysis of genotypes and surnames in a UK-control population
Founders, Drift, and Infidelity: The Relationship between Y Chromosome Diversity and Patrilineal Surnames