Uroscopy is the historic medical practice of visually examining a patient's urine for pus, blood, or other symptoms of disease. It dates back to ancient Egypt, Babylon, and India.

Three Middle English Verse Uroscopies
Earth, Man, and Culture : Seeing the World in Water: Humoural Theory and Practice in Medieval and Modern Uroscopies
Toward proteomics in uroscopy: urinary protein profiles after radiocontrast medium administration.
Uroscopy in the 21st century: high-field NMR spectroscopy
Uroscopy by Hippocrates and Theophilus: prognosis versus diagnosis
From uroscopy to molecular analysis--improving diagnostic information from urine analysis
Joannes Zacharias Actuarius. A witness of late Byzantine uroscopy, closely linked with Thessaloniki.
Medieval uroscopy and its representation on misericords--part 2: misericords
Limits in the studies of the art of uroscopy: the Byzantine example.
Medieval uroscopy and its representation on misericords--part 1: Uroscopy.